Un refrigerante es un producto químico líquido o gaseoso, fácilmente licuable, que es utilizado como medio transmisor de calor entre otros dos en una máquina térmica. Los principales usos son los refrigeradores y los acondicionadores de aire.
El principio de funcionamiento de algunos sistemas de refrigeración se basa en un ciclo de refrigeración por compresión, que tiene algunas similitudes con el ciclo de Carnot y utiliza refrigerantes como fluido de trabajo.
Cuando comenzaron las preocupaciones por la capa de ozono, los refrigerantes más usados eran los clorofluorocarbonos R-12 y R-22. El primero era empleado principalmente para aire acondicionado de vehículos y para pequeños refrigeradores; el segundo para aire acondicionado, refrigeradores, y congeladores comerciales, residenciales y ligeros. Algunos de los primeros sistemas emplearon el R-11 por su bajo punto de ebullición, lo que permitía construir sistemas de baja presión.
La producción de R-12 cesó en Estados Unidos en 1995, y el R-22 fue eliminado posteriormente [2010]. Se está empleando el R-134a y ciertas mezclas (que no atentan contra la capa de ozono) en remplazo de los compuestos clorados. El R-410a(comúnmente llamada por su nombre comercial Puron®) es una popular mezcla 50/50 de R-32 y R-125 que comienza a sustituir al R-22.
A refrigerant is a liquid or gaseous chemical, easily liquefiable, which is used as heat transfer medium between two other in a heat engine. The main uses are as refrigerators and air conditioners.
The principle of operation of some refrigeration systems is based on a compression refrigeration cycle, which has some similaritieswith the Carnot cycle and used as a refrigerant working fluid.
When concerns began the ozone layer, the most widely usedrefrigerants were chlorofluorocarbons R-12 and R-22. The first wasused mainly for vehicle air conditioning and small refrigerators, the second for air conditioners, refrigerators, and freezers, commercial, residential and light. Some early systems used R-11 for its lowboiling point, allowing low pressure systems build.
The production of R-12 in United States ceased in 1995, and R-22 was subsequently removed [2010]. You are using the R-134a andcertain blends (not threaten the ozone layer) in replacement of chlorinated compounds. The R-410a (commonly known by its trade name Puron ®) is a popular 50/50 mixture of R-32 and R-125begins to replace R-22.
The principle of operation of some refrigeration systems is based on a compression refrigeration cycle, which has some similaritieswith the Carnot cycle and used as a refrigerant working fluid.
When concerns began the ozone layer, the most widely usedrefrigerants were chlorofluorocarbons R-12 and R-22. The first wasused mainly for vehicle air conditioning and small refrigerators, the second for air conditioners, refrigerators, and freezers, commercial, residential and light. Some early systems used R-11 for its lowboiling point, allowing low pressure systems build.
The production of R-12 in United States ceased in 1995, and R-22 was subsequently removed [2010]. You are using the R-134a andcertain blends (not threaten the ozone layer) in replacement of chlorinated compounds. The R-410a (commonly known by its trade name Puron ®) is a popular 50/50 mixture of R-32 and R-125begins to replace R-22.
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